In the end his was a nominal kingship. Robert Stewart, born in 1316, was the only child of King Robert I's daughter Marjorie Bruce, who died either in childbirth or shortly afterwards, and Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland. 45. [11] In 1332 Edward Balliol, son of the deposed John Balliol, spearheaded an attack on the Bruce sovereignty with the tacit support of King Edward III of England and the explicit endorsement of 'the disinherited'. David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (1378-1402) 3. He grew up in his ancestral lands in the west and was completely at ease with the Gaelic language and culture and possessed a potent relationship with the Gaelic lords in the Hebrides, upper Perthshire and Argyll. His subsequent marriage to Euphemia de Ross in 1355 produced two sons and two surviving daughters and provided the basis of a future dispute regarding the line of succession. [8] The Scots forayed into England in March 1296this incursion together with the French treaty angered the English king and provoked an invasion of Scotland taking Berwick on 30 March before defeating the Scots army at Dunbar on 27 April. Robert, along with other nobles, fled to the safety of Dumbarton, but he then launched a sustained campaign to retrieve some of his family's lost castles and estates. [47], Dunfermline Abbey which received Coldingham Priory as daughter house from King Robert In his dealings with Edward III, Robert blamed his border magnates for the escalating attacks on the English zones, but regardless of this the Scots retained the recaptured lands, which were often portioned out among minor lords, so securing their interest in preventing English re-possession. Marjorie, married John Dunbar, Earl of Moray, then Sir Alexander Keith. King Robert II of Scotland - FameChain In May 1334 David escaped to France leaving Robert and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray as joint Guardians of the kingdom. Robert I of Scotland, better known as Robert the Bruce, reigned as King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329 CE.For his role in achieving independence from England, Robert the Bruce has long been regarded as a national hero and one of Scotland's greatest ever monarchs.. Robert succeeded John Balliol (r. 1292-1296 CE) but only after a tumultuous decade of side-switching and military ups and downs . With the king now imprisoned in England and Randolph dead, the Guardianship once again fell to Robert. David died in 1371 and Robert succeeded him at the age of fifty-five. ), king of Scots from 1371, first of the Stewart (Stuart) sovereigns in Scotland. [59] Robert's differences with the Carrick affinity regarding the conduct of the war and his continued failure or unwillingness to deal with Buchan in the north led to the political convulsion of November 1384 when the Council removed the king's authority to govern and appointed Carrick as lieutenant of the kingdoma coup d'tat had taken place. Throughout his reign, Robert spent long periods in his Gaelic heartlands and complaints at the time in Lowland Scotland seem to have been influenced by the view that the king was too much involved in Gaelic concerns. Buried at: Scone Abbey Succeeded by: his son John who took the name Robert III Robert was a grandson of Robert Bruce, and the first in the House of Stewart dynasty. [73], Grant (1992) acknowledges that Robert II's reign in terms of foreign and domestic policy was "not so unsuccessful". Robert II (1371-1390) Walter the Steward had died earlier on 9 April 1327,[9] and the orphaned eleven-year-old Robert was placed under the guardianship of his uncle, Sir James Stewart of Durrisdeer,[2] who along with Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, and William Lindsey, Archdeacon of St Andrews were appointed as joint Guardians of the kingdom. [11] Robert set about winning back his lands in the west of Scotland. The Stuarts: Robert II (1316-1390) biography - Scotland Magazine [10] Strathbogie came over to the Bruce interest after disagreements with his fellow 'disinherited' but his fierce opposition to Randolph came to a head at a Parliament held at Dairsie Castle in early 1335 when Strathbogie received the support of Robert. Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan (died 1405), nicknamed "The Wolf of Badenoch", married in 1382 to Euphemia of Ross. The marriage was criticized for being uncanonical, so he remarried her in 1349 after receiving a papal dispensation in 1347. He was the son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and of Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert the Bruce and of his first wife Isabella of Mar. [77] Yet power was not handed back to Robert II but to Carrick's younger brother, Robert, earl of Fife which once again saw the king at the disposition of one of his sons. [37] David was buried at Holyrood Abbey almost immediately but an armed protest by William, Earl of Douglas delayed Robert II's coronation until 26 March 1371. The wider picture in Scotland at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline. [62], The victory of the Scots over the English at the Battle of Otterburn in Northumberland in August 1388 set in motion Carrick's fall from power. [31] The capture of Berwick together with the presence of the French on English soil jolted Edward III into moving against the Scotsin January 1356 Edward led his forces into the south-east of Scotland and burned Edinburgh and Haddington and much of the Lothians in a campaign that became known as the 'Burnt Candlemas'. His mother died in 1317 and he was chosen to be the heir presumptive to the Scottish throne in 1318. King Robert II of Scotland | Britroyals [86], From this union, ten children reached adulthood:[87], In 1355, Robert married his second wife Euphemia de Ross (died 1387), daughter of Hugh, Earl of Ross. [74] As far as William, Earl of Douglas's reaction was concerned when he staged an armed demonstration before Robert's coronation, Grant does not hold to the view that Douglas was in some way demonstrating against Robert's legitimate right to the throne, but more an assertion that royal patronage should not continue as in the time of David II. Although he lost his position after King Roberts son David was born, he was made heir apparent to David. Just as Randolph was a favourite of the king, David II mistrusted Robert Stewart with his powerful positions of heir presumptive and Guardian of Scotland. [1] One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventually led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England. Robert III ruled 1390-1406 and was the great grandson . [26] The paroled David attended this Parliament to present to Robert and the members of the Three Estates the conditions for his release. [Wiki], Son of: Walter Steward 1293 - 9 Apr 1326 and Marjorie Bruce December 1296 - 2 March 1316 (Daughter of Robert I), Illegitimate children of with Mariota de Cardney, ,esky, Dansk, Deutsch, , English, Espaol, Suomi, Franais, , Magyar, slenska, Italiano, , Nederlands, Norsk (bokml), Polski, Portugus, , Svenska, , . Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [57], Robert's son, John, Earl of Carrick, had become the foremost Stewart magnate south of the Forth just as Alexander, Earl of Buchan was in the north. The marriage was criticised for being uncanonical, so he remarried her in 1349 after receiving a papal dispensation in 1347. [47] In June 1371, Robert agreed to a defensive treaty with the French, and although there were no outright hostilities during 1372, the English garrisons were reinforced and placed under an increased state of vigilance. Katherine, married Sir Robert Logan of Grugar and Restalrig, Sir John Stewart, Sheriff of Bute (1360 1445/9), ancestor of the, John Stewart, Lord of Burley (killed 1425), Maria or Mary Stewart, wife of Sir John de Danielstoun and mother of Sir Robert de Danielstoun of that Ilk (ancestor of Cunningham of Kilmaurs, and Maxwell of Calderwood), Johanna Stewart, married (1) Sir John Keith (2) Sir. 1 p. 93 fn. Robert had married her in 1336, but as the marriage had been criticised as uncanonical, he remarried her in 1349. The first of the Stewart kings of Scotland and later of England owed his throne to the fact that his mother, Marjorie, was the eldest daughter . Elizabeth married Thomas de la Hay, Lord High Constable of Scotland. Covers events from c. 1388 to 1390. On the death of his father in 1326, he became the hereditary steward of Scotland. [76] Grant gives little weight to the asserted senility of Robert, and suggests that the deposition of Carrick in 1388, and then the resolution to join the Anglo-French truce of 1389, were both at the instigation of Robert II. [43] Robert's sons John, Earl of Carrick, the king's heir, and Robert, Earl of Fife, were made keepers of the castles of Edinburgh and Stirling respectively, while Alexander, Lord of Badenoch and Ross, and afterwards Earl of Buchan, became the king's justiciar and lieutenant in the north of the kingdom. [84] The weakening of government if anything, Lynch suggests, came not before the 1384 coup but after it, despite the fact that the coup had at its root Robert II's favouring of his third son, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan (known as "the Wolf of Badenoch"). In 1364 David presented a proposal to Parliament that would cancel the remaining ransom debt if it was agreed that a Plantagenet heir would inherit the Scottish throne should he die without issue. . ReligionRoman Catholic. Alexander married the widowed Euphemia, Countess of Ross but . and his father was the first monarch of the House of Stewart. Family tree of Robert II STEWART (King of SCOTLAND) King James I of Scotland | Britroyals As age and infirmity were telling upon him, the estates in 1389 appointed his second surviving son Robert, Earl of Fife, afterwards Duke of Albany, guardian of the kingdom. She was heavily pregnant; the child, the future Robert II of Scotland, was cut out of the womb. [49] In early February the Scotsapparently unaware of the conclusion of an Anglo-French truce on 26 January 1384 that included the Scots in the cease-fireconducted an all-out attack on the English zones winning back Lochmaben Castle and Teviotdale. The Council rejected these terms, with Robert opposed to a proposal that threatened his right of succession. Half brother of Jean Stewart; Egidia Stewart; Sir John Stewart of Railston and Sir Andrew Stewart of Railstoun, "Robert II, also remembered as Robert the Steward, was the King of Scots who ruled from 1371 to his death. Edward Balliol, son of King John Balliolassisted by the English and those Scottish nobles who had been disinherited by Robert Iinvaded Scotland inflicting heavy defeats on the Bruce party on 11 August 1332 at Dupplin Moor and Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333. He died at his castle in Avoch in 1338 and Robert resumed the Guardianship. Robert took refuge in the fortress of Dumbarton Castle in the Clyde estuary to join his uncle, King David. [1] In 1315 parliament removed Marjorie's right as heir to her father in favour of her uncle, Edward Bruce. Robert married Elizabeth Mure around 1348, legitimising his four sons and five daughters. Robert, who had fought at Halidon, joined his uncle David in refuge in Dumbarton Castle. [60] Fife, now with his powerful Douglas ally, and those who supported the king ensured a countercoup at the December Council meeting when the guardianship of Scotland passed from Carrick (who had recently been badly injured from a horse-kick) to Fife. Their son would be the first Stewart monarch, King Robert II of Scotland. Taylor Swift Comes from the Royal Bloodlines of the Holy - Substack Edward Balliol, son of King John Balliol, assisted by the English and Scottish nobles disinherited by Robert I, invaded Scotland inflicting heavy defeats on the Bruce party on 11 August 1332 at Dupplin Moor and Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333. Alexander Stewart (1343 - 1406) - Genealogy - Geni.com Robert II (2 March 1316 19 April 1390) was King of Scots from 1371 to his death in 1390. [56] Despite this, by 26 July, the Scots were part of the truce that would expire in October. ; Maria Stewart and 18 others; Sir John Stewart, Sheriff of Bute; Thomas Stewart, Bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane; John Stewart, Lord of Burley; Walter Stewart, Earl of Fife; Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany; Margaret Stewart, Princess of Scots; Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan; Marjory Stewart, Princess of Scots; Katherine Stewart, Princess of Scots; Elizabeth Stewart, Princess of Scots; Johanna Jean Stewart, Princess of Scots; Lady Isabella Stewart; Robert III, King of Scots; Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl; David Stewart, Prince of Scotland, 1st Earl of Caithness; Elizabeth Stewart, Countess of Crawford; Egidia Stewart, of Lounane, Princess of Scotland and Sir John " The Red" Stewart of Dundonald less Following this battle, Robert's lands in the west were given by Balliol to his supporter David Strathbogie, the titular Earl of Atholl. [22], John Randolph, released from English custody in a prisoner exchange in 1341, visited David II in Normandy before returning to Scotland. [34], King of Scots[edit] Consolidation of Stewart power and personal rule[edit], Robert II depicted on his great seal David was buried at Holyrood Abbey almost immediately but an armed protest by William, Earl of Douglas delayed Robert II's coronation until 26 March 1371. The king died at Dundonald in 1390, and was buried at Scone. In May 1334 David escaped to France leaving Robert and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray as joint Guardians of the kingdom. Son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and Marjorie Bruce, Princess of Scotland Robert Stewart inherited the title of High Steward of Scotland on his father's death on 9 April 1326, and a Parliament held in July 1326 confirmed the young Steward as heir should Prince David die without a successor. The North Tower of the present castle is the only remnant of the castle built by King Robert II. [82], Michael Lynch points out that Robert II's reign from 1371 until the lieutenancy of Carrick in 1384 had been one exemplified by continued prosperity and stabilitya time which Abbot Bower described as a period of "tranquility, prosperity and peace". He married, firstly, Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith, daughter of Sir John Graham and Mary Menteith, Countess of Menteith, after 9 September 1361, by Papal dispensation.
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