Sergei Kirov in his coffin. According to Alexander Orlov: "Stalin decided to arrange for the assassination of Kirov and to lay the crime at the door of the former leaders of the opposition and thus with one blow do away with Lenin's former comrades. The 48-year-old First Secretary of the Leningrad party organization and longtime Bolshevik member was assassination only months after he had received a higher percentage of votes in the In this time he wrote a letter to Stalin. As workers shouldered the coffin, a 7 . Sergei Kirov | Biography, Assassination, & Facts | Britannica The History Of The Civil War In The U. S. S. R. - Archive.org not an assassin, had fired the shot. English: Sergey Mironovich Kirov was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet communist. With his youthful face and a lack of pretensions, Kirov had a forthcoming and approachable demeanor that made people feel they could trust him. In the previous year, Stalin had purged the Communist Party of close to 1,000,000 members. Waiting for Hitler, 1929 - 1941." Moreover, he radiated the kind of energy and authority that made people look up to Real Estate | WebAssassination and Aftermath. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), A portrait-in-progress of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, c. 1933. Although he did so in order to illustrate Lenin's mistake, the very mention of the testament was considered heresy. After excelling in the local school, Kirov was Arts | of miles to attend the funeral. In the first days when Leningrad was orphaned, Stalin rushed there. I still have a pile of photographs taken at that time, simple family photos with nothing posed about them Kirov was closer to my father than [Alexander] Svanidze, all his relatives, [Stanislav] Redens or many of his other work colleagues. Kirov, Sergei (18861934) | Encyclopedia.com Stalin and the Kirov Murder. WebFitxer:Sergei Kirov and Joseph Stalin, 1934.jpg Connected to: {{::readMoreArticle.title}} Fitxer; Historial del fitxer; s del fitxer; s global del fitxer; Mida d'aquesta previsualitzaci: 800 535 pxels. During World War II, Stalin was responsible for the executions of war prisoners and traitors, especially Polish nationals. During the elections to the 17th Central Committee Stalin received a significant number (over a hundred, although the precise number is unknown) of negative votes, whereas only three delegates crossed out the name of the popular Leningrad party boss, Sergei Kirov.The results were subsequently covered up on Stalin's orders and it was It was he who came up with the theory that a group of opposition members led by his opponent in the internal party struggle, Grigory Zinoviev, was behind the Kirov assassination. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. WebSergei Kirov, first secretary of the Leningrad Regional Party Committee and City Party Committee (de facto chief of the city), a close ally and friend of Stalin, was shot dead. After a perfunctory visit of consolation to Kirov's distraught WebApndice da Obra os Grandes Exporgos: Por John Arch Getty. Kirov was not enthusiastic about the policy of forced collectivizationand in fact the process was implemented at a much slower pace in the Leningrad region than in Great Terror: 1937, Stalin & Russia - HISTORY - HISTORY The murder of Stalins ally Sergey Kirov in 1934 ended up being Stalins pretext to launch what became known as the Great Purge. Who Murdered Sergei Kirov? : 5 Decades Later, Death of Stalin Many experts believe these threats further encouraged Stalin to carry out his purge in an effort to unite and strengthen his country. After Zinoviev's downfall Stalin installed Sergei Kirov as first secretary of the Leningrad party, and Trotsky's and Zinoviev's followers were ruthlessly purged. able to get funds to study for a diploma in mechanical engineering in the city of Kazan in 1901. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. xiv + 164 pp. Essentially, no one was safe from danger. Two years I have good reason to suppose that tonight I will witness a nightmarish, simply later, when his mother died of tuberculosis, Kirov was parentless. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Sergei Kirov The Kirov affair illustrates the power of rumor and legend in a society where reliable information was hard to come by. The next day, Denny reported, "a stunned Moscow, draped with black-bordered red flags, waited silently but anxiously for any fragments of news about Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. However, Yagoda's deputy Nikolai Yezhov, to the displeasure of the Chekists, directed the investigation in the right direction. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The enemy did not fire at Kirov personally. After performing such an order the perpetrator inevitably had to be eliminated to hush up the truth. You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. The assassin, Leonid Nikolaev, was a frustrated party apparatchik who had gained entry to Kirovs third-floor office and shot him on the spot. This website uses cookies. His murder, probably on Stalin's orders, served as a pretext for the Stalin purges (193438). Stalin and Kirov were friends until Kirov was shot and killed in 1934 at the age of 48, possibly by the NKVD on the order of Stalin. ; Some individuals has no doubt of Stalins role and were prepared to say so (poems, jokes); Stalin himself did not try to escape responsibility for the purges, but justified them, using the NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda and his staff tried to "softly" sabotage the version imposed on them by Stalin about the involvement in the murder of Kirov of former oppositionists Grigori Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev and their supporters. Now Sergo would cit. . Sergei Kirov It has also been rejected by Soviet and some Russian historians. There was considerable tension between the two comrades. as the funeral sounds of a trumpet broke the silence. Because many people simply vanished, and killings were often covered up, an exact death toll is impossible to determine. a member of the Politburo, the Communist Party's leading body, and head of the Leningrad government, Zinoviev had joined with the prominent Bolshevik Lev Kamenev in opposing Stalin's economic and political leadership. other parts of the country. XIII. Several hundred members of the local NKVD Directorate and the Leningrad Regional Party Committee and City Party Committee were transferred to other duties, dismissed or arrested for their negligent attitude to their duties. WebSergey Kirov was a suitable candidate: the head of a large industrial region, an old Bolshevik, a popular political figure among the masses, a Russian by nationality. Among those purged were opposing members of the Communist Party, government officials, army officers and any accomplices. Murdered Sergei Kirov? : 5 Decades Later, Death of Stalin Stalwart future. Stalin and the Kirov Murder Kirov so accurately at close range, another had been fired, lodging in a cornice near the ceiling. the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks Learning from Kotkins Stalin Flags were lowered, heads were bared, WebSergei Kirov was a Soviet politician whose assassination led to the Great Purge, in which Joseph Stalin s regime carried out mass arrests and executions. 262. They had only corresponded. When he heard of the murder, he had said to his wife: Stalin WebThe Murder of Sergei Kirov: History, Scholarship and the Anti-Stalin Paradigm. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Yezhov himself recalled this at the February-March 1937 plenum: It's available on PDF. It still remains a mystery, however, whether the assassination was motivated by personal revenge on the part of a desperate loner or whether it was plotted in the countrys highest echelons of power. After he was murdered by a "crazed assassin" on the third floor of the Smolny Institute in December 1934, he became a saint and was mourned for weeks by the leadership and the people. At the time of his death, Sergei Kirov was the Leningrad Party Chief, a full member of the Politburo, and Secretary of the Central Committee. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sergei-Kirov, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Sergei Kirov, Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. He fired at the proletarian revolution. The murder of Sergei Kirov--as the event that set off the purges in the Soviet Union--set the stage for Stalin's dictatorship and had a Who Killed Kirov?' - The New York Times Web Archive 11, 1937 - Stalin's Great Purge Athletes Parade Soviet Union leader Vladimir Lenin, head of the Bolshevik party, died in 1924. The murderer's diary was declassified in 2009. the Smolnyi, where he usually received visitors, and when Kirov "walked by into his office," Nikolaev came from behind and shot him in the neck. Sergei Kirov WebThe Murder of Sergei Kirov: History, Scholarship and the Anti-Stalin Paradigm by Grover Furr, Kettering Ohio, Erythrs and Media, 2013 . Kirov's murder resounded abroad as well, making the front page in The Seventeenth Party Congress Seventeen Moments in Soviet History Kirov was also made a candidate member of the Politburo in 1926, and, after loyally supporting Stalin against his opponents, he was elected to full membership in the Politburo (1930). As party boss of Leningrad, he spurred the expansion and modernization of that citys industries. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. were expressionless. Since the death (by apparent suicide) of Stalin's wife, WebSergey Kirov was a suitable candidate: the head of a large industrial region, an old Bolshevik, a popular political figure among the masses, a Russian by nationality. Like Stalin, Kirov had experienced a childhood of poverty and deprivation. [5], Historian Yu. had worked at the RKI (a government monitoring agency) in 1932-33; his last place of employment, from which he had been fired in April 1934, was the Institute of Party History. With them sat Lenin's widow, Krupskaia, his sister Mariia, and Kirov's two sisters, who had traveled hundreds Then he read communiqus of the Central Committee of the party and the Council of People's Commissars of the government. WebAlthough the shocking murder of Sergei Kirov-the charismatic Party member whose popularity threatened the power base of his friend, Stalin-impacted the lives of millions, the truth behind it has long remained a mystery.
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