Here we are reminded that ethical communication is not just about what you say. Below the statement, we will call attention to a few of the principles most relevant to students of public speaking. Using someone elses words or ideas without giving credit is called plagiarism. Speakers and listeners of public speech face numerous ethical dilemmas as well. Some of the principles relate more to the speakers role in communication, while others relate to both the speakers and the audiences role in public speech. In the centuries since Platos time, an entire subfield within the discipline of human communication has developed to explain and understand communication ethics. Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking - Open One of the reasons the authors of this book teach courses in public speaking and wrote this college textbook on public speaking is that we, as communication professionals, have an ethical obligation to provide others, including students like you, with resources and opportunities to become better speakers. The concept of free speech is guaranteed to all Americans under the First Amendment of the Constitution. CC BY 2.0. The second part of information honesty is to fully disclose where we obtain the information in our speeches. Because different cultures have different norms about right and wrong, ethics is a very contested zone in all aspects of human encounters. Ethical communication is fundamental to responsible thinking, decision making, and the development of relationships and communities within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media. The only variable is about what (Shore & Barclay, 2005). At the same time, it is important for listeners to pay attention to expressions of intolerance or hatred. As speakers, examine your information sources and determine whether they are biased or have hidden agendas. Ethics In Public Speaking by Stephen D. Boyd: The Sideroad When this happens, we do not strive to understand the speaker and do not respect the speaker. This ethical principle involves balancing personal disclosure with discretion. . In this chapter, we will explore what it means to be both an ethical speaker and an ethical listener. This ethical obligation even has legal implications in many government and corporate contexts. Ethics in Public Speaking Flashcards - Learning tools, flashcards, and The third plagiarism trap that speakers fall into is re-citing someone elses sources within a speech. Streit retired abruptly as a result. General knowledge is information that is publicly available and widely known by a large segment of society. As you read further in this chapter . It is more work to trace the original source of a fact or statistic, but by doing that extra work you can avoid this plagiarism trap. Human communication is a skill that can and should be taught. 3: Ethics in Public Speaking. To help you understand the issues involved with thinking about ethics, this chapter begins by presenting a model for ethical communication known as the ethics pyramid. as guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution (Freedom of speech), occurs when someone purposefully twists information in a way that detracts from its original meaning, prejudice or discrimination against a particular age-group and especially the elderly, a system of attitudes, bias, and discrimination in favor of femalemale sexuality and relationships. One of the earliest discussions of ethics in communication was conducted by the ancient Greek . We will discuss this topic in more detail in the audience analysis chapter. If you do not tell your audience where you found that information, you are plagiarizing. Why Is Ethics in Public Speaking so Important? - ToughNickel It is perfectly normal for speakers to want to share their own personal opinions and feelings about a topic; however, it is also important to highlight information within a speech that represents your own thoughts and feelings. We advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing significant choices while also respecting privacy and confidentiality. Differentiate between morality and ethical dilemma. For now, well just note that the right to free speech and the right to dissent are important. Furthermore, attempting to persuade a group of people to take any action means you should make sure that you understand the consequences of that action. Do People Speak English In Prague? - Prague Travel Perhaps you have heard from other students that a particular teacher is a really boring lecturer or is really entertaining in class. Listeners should try to objectively analyze the content and arguments within a speech before deciding how to respond. As a listener, should you refuse to listen to a speaker with whom you fundamentally disagree? The study of ethics is incredibly important to any student of public speaking, as the most effective public speakers are those who practice ethical behavior in their speeches. All eight of the principles espoused in the NCA Credo for Ethical Communication can be applied to public speaking. Pablo has been scheduled to work late several nights this week and is very tired by the time his public speaking class rolls around in the late afternoon. Ethical speakers do not deceive their audience. Click the card to flip . 4.5 Listening Critically - Publishing Services For example, a speaker advocating the overthrow of a government might use the term regime change instead of revolution; similarly, proponents of genocide in various parts of the world have used the term ethnic cleansing instead of extermination. By listening critically to the gist of a speakers message as well as the specific language he or she uses, we can see how that speaker views the world. How are ethics used in public speaking? The authors make it clear that they did not produce the television show House or conduct the study that found that only 38.5 percent of statements were completely honest. We live in a society where a speakers message can literally be heard around the world in a matter of minutes, thanks to our global communication networks. The second plagiarism trap public speakers fall into is paraphrasing what someone else said or wrote without giving credit to the speaker or author. If so, why? Being an Ethical Speaker: Guidelines & Issues - Study.com And companies such as Google also have policies requiring employees to seek permission before engaging in public speaking in which sensitive information might be leaked. Did you mark true for any of the statements? Suppose the study by Turner, Edgley, and Olstead really actually found that 58.5 percent of the responses were completely honest. This means everyone in the country has a. One of the main reasons we emphasize attribution of ideas is because of the question of responsibility and consequences, the final principle in the National Communication Association (NCA)s Credo. (2011, May 5). It involves honest research . We may also find ourselves judging a speaker based on information we have heard about him or her from other people. Intent According to Tilley, intent is the first major concept to consider when examining an issue's ethicality. Moreover, ethical communication enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity, and respect for self and others. Questions of right and wrong arise whenever people communicate. Whether you conducted an interview or read a newspaper article, you must tell your listeners where the information came from. After recording these conversations, the participants then examined the truthfulness of the statements within the interactions. Of course, this does not just affect the listener in the public speaking situation. I havent really thought much about my audiences needs and desires. In this example, we see that the authors of this paragraph cited information from two external sources: Shore and Barclay and Tummer, Edgley, and Olmstead. Review Questions. Ethics in Public Speaking After reading this section, the student will be able to: Explain the legal, cultural, philosophical, and social origins of ethics in public speaking Explain the difference between plagiarism and correct appropriation of source materials Understand the value of ethics in building a solid reputation as a speaker Ultimately, honoring free speech and seeking out a variety of perspectives is very important for all listeners. Some of the language in my speech may be considered bigoted. One of the reasons the authors of this book teach courses in public speaking and wrote this college textbook on public speaking is that we, as communication professionals, have an ethical obligation to provide others, including students like you, with resources and opportunities to become better speakers. Dissent is by nature uncomfortable, as it entails expressing opposition to authority, often in very unflattering terms. Dissent, injustice and the meanings of America. 2.2 Ethics in Public Speaking - Stand up, Speak out For example, suppose a school board official involved in budget negotiations used the word shekels to refer to money, which he believes the teachers union should be willing to give up (Associated Press, 2011). Imagine voting in an election after listening only to the campaign speeches of one candidate. If you use any substantiating facts or passages from another source, you must give appropriate attribution or credit as necessary. Foundations of Public Speaking. Even if you are not running for president of the United States or serving as a college president, citing sources is important to you as a student. While we always want our speeches to be as persuasive as possible, we do ourselves and our audiences a disservice when we downplay, distort, or refuse to mention important arguments from the opposing side. We advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing significant choices while also respecting privacy and confidentiality. I have altered some of the facts in my speech to help me be more persuasive. As speakers, examine your information sources and determine whether they are biased or have hidden agendas. We condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred. Distortion occurs when someone purposefully twists information in a way that detracts from its original meaning. To explain this problem, lets look at a brief segment from a research paper written by Wrench, DiMartino, Ramirez, Oviedio, and Tesfamariam: The main character on the hit Fox television show House, Dr. Gregory House, has one basic mantra, Its a basic truth of the human condition that everybody lies. Reviewed by Emily Wilkinson Stallings, Faculty Member - Senior Instructor, Virginia Tech on 5/19/21 Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less. Of course, this does not just affect the listener in the public speaking situation. It is perfectly normal for speakers to want to share their own personal opinions and feelings about a topic; however, it is also important to highlight information within a speech that represents your own thoughts and feelings. Knowing about ethics is essential, but even more important to being an ethical public speaker is putting that knowledge into practice by thinking through possible ethical pitfalls prior to standing up and speaking out. We will discuss this idea further in the chapter on listening. Shadow 1.2 Why is Public Speaking Important? Although it is certainly not always the speakers fault if someone commits an act of violence, the speaker should take responsibility for her or his role in the situation. One place we see distortion frequently is in the political context, where politicians cite a statistic or the results of a study and either completely alter the information or use it in a deceptive manner. The chapter will conclude with a general discussion of free speech. Our mission, history, team, and more. Foundations of Public Speaking. We believe that unethical communication threatens the quality of all communication and consequently the well-being of individuals and the society in which we live. Shadow 1.3 The Process of Public Speaking, 2.2 Classifying Communication Apprehension, 3.5 What to do When Delivering Your Speech, 6.3 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 6.5 Intercultural Communication Competence. Robert is preparing a speech about legalizing marijuana use in the United States. Communication Code of Ethics In 1999, the National Communication Association officially adopted the Credo for Ethical Communication (see the following sidebar). Questions of right and wrong arise whenever people communicate. When speaking informally, people sometimes use air quotes to signal direct quotationsbut this is not a recommended technique in public speaking. Ethics in Public Speaking: Overview, Principles & Examples Thus far in this section weve introduced you to the basics of thinking through the ethics of public speaking. When Senator Joseph Biden was running for president of the United States in 1988, reporters found that he had plagiarized portions of his stump speech from British politician Neil Kinnock. Listening actively and responding appropriately are key elements in communicating ethically. about Facebook, research ethics, and data policy changes. Ethical communication is fundamental to responsible thinking, decision making, and the development of relationships and communities within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media. If information is obtained from printed or publicly distributed material, its perfectly appropriate to use that information without getting permission, as long as you cite it. Ethical Listening | Principles of Public Speaking - Simple Book Production When preparing a speech, it is important to think about the ethics of public speaking from the beginning. There are two main reasons we do this. Unfortunately, some voters do limit themselves to listening only to their candidate of choice and, as a result, base their voting decisions on incompleteand, not infrequently, inaccurateinformation. 3: Ethics in Public Speaking - Social Sci LibreTexts Therefore we, the members of the National Communication Association, endorse and are committed to practicing the following principles of ethical communication: https://www.natcom.org/advocacy-public-engagement/public-policy/public-statements, https://www.natcom.org/sites/default/files/pages/1999_Public_Statements_NCA_Credo_for_Ethical_Communication_November.pdf, We advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of communication., We accept responsibility for the short- and long-term consequences for our own communication and expect the same of others., We endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and responsible decision making fundamental to a civil society., We strive to understand and respect other communicators before evaluating and responding to their messages., We promote communication climates of caring and mutual understanding that respect the unique needs and characteristics of individual communicators., We condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred..
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